Evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia

Ibrahim, Khairul Anwar and Shahidan, Wan-Nazatul-Shima and Zainuddin, Siti-Lailatul-Akmar and Ab Hamid, Siti-Azrin and Embong, Zunaina (2022) Evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia. Tropical Medicine & International Health. E-ISSN 1365-3156 (In Press)

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Abstract

Abstract Objective To compare tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in saliva between different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and November 2020. This study included diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with no DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). None of the patients with DM were included in the control group. Unstimulated saliva samples were then collected. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured. Results Altogether, 120 patients were included in the study (DM without DR, 33 patients; DM with NPDR, 30 patients; DM with PDR, 32 patients; non-DM, 25 patients). The mean IL-6 level in saliva was significantly higher in the DM group (0.033 ± 0.005 pg/ml) than in the non-DM group (0.027 ± 0.001 pg/ml) (p < 0.001 after adjusting for covariates). There was no significant difference in the mean salivary TNF-α between patients with DM and those without DM after adjusting for covariates. The mean IL-6 in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.036 ± 0.003 pg/ml) and PDR (0.093 ± 0.023 pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.027 ± 0.001 pg/ml) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean TNF-α in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.086 ± 0.022 pg/ml) and PDR (0.093 ± 0.023 pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.049 ± 0.011 pg/ml) (p = 0.015 and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion There is an association between inflammatory biomarkers in saliva (IL-6 and TNF-α) and severity of DR among patients with DM, suggesting that these salivary biomarkers are potential biomarkers for screening, monitoring, and predicting the progression of DR.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, IL-6, saliva, TNF-α
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC620 Specialties of Internal Medicine-Nutritional Diseases R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC627 Specialties of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Diseases R Medicine > RE Ophthalmology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Ophthalmology
Depositing User:	Dr Khairul Anwar Ibrahim
Date Deposited:	03 Mar 2022 16:33
Last Modified:	03 Mar 2022 16:34
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/97017

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