Baba, Mohd Shukri and Abu Hassan, Zainal Abidin
(2018)
One health concept on the in-vivo antiparasitic activity and toxicity evaluation of Eiettaria cardamomum against the growth and survival of zoonotic Haemoflagellate, Trypanosoma Evansi.
In: SEAOHUN International Conference 2018, 13-15 November 2018, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
One Health (OH) concept summarized an idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystem and environment in which they exist. The concept of One Health (OH) emphasizes on how the involvement of multidisciplinary careers can be jointly approached to ensure the safety and health of humans and animals, and to maintain the environmental sustainability. Realizing that Trypanosoma evansi is now has been potentially transinfected to human, this study demonstrated how the manipulation of natural spice, Eiettaria cardamomum (cardamom) seeds, promisingly can solve the endemicity of vector-borne zoonotic manifestation of atypical human trypanosomiasis (AHT) or Surra disease. The effectiveness of E. cardamomum seeds on the growth and survival of the haemoflagellate protozoa Trypanosoma evansi was compared with Berenil (C18H22N8O3). Groups of male ICR mice (6 – 8 weeks old, 20 – 25g body weight) were intraperitoneally (i.p) administered with the parasite at 5.0 × 103 T. evansi/mouse and orally given pre-, concurrent- and post-infection treatments with10 µg/mL of E. cardamomum-dH2O extract at 0.1 mL/mouse. Using Giemsa stained blood smear and examined under light and scanning electron microscopes (SEM), the morphological changes of parasite cells were assessed. Toxicity level of blood enzymes and selected vital organs and survival rate of the mice were also investigated. The morphological changes of T. evansi cells were evidenced. The cell became crescent-shaped and the undulating membrane was destroyed where both posterior and anterior ends were tapered before the flagellum disintegrated in which lead to death of the cells. A positive correlation (p ≤ 0.05, n = 6) were recorded between the mice survival time and the ability to inhibit the parasites growth in pre-infection treatment group. Besides, the mice in this group was also recorded the longest pre-patent (31.37 ± 2.1 days) and survival (237.14 ± 3.8 days) period. The results for biochemical tests were significantly situated in the normal ranged level as well as no abnormalities found on the selected vital organs. This study positively indicated that E. cardamomum could be utilized for the preservation and welfare of human beings, animals and environment, as well as for sustainability of the natural planted herbs. It is suggested that the scientists and practitioners from many disciplines needs to initiate to work collaboratively to synthesize and develop the novel solutions towards E. cardamomum against AHT and Surra disease that problematize to the policy makers, veterinarian and medical practitioner nowadays.
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