Utilization of waste cockle shell (Anadara Granosa) in biodiesel production from palm olein: Optimization using response surface methodology

Boey, Peng-Lim and Maniam, Gaanty Pragas and Abd Hamid, Shafida and Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag (2011) Utilization of waste cockle shell (Anadara Granosa) in biodiesel production from palm olein: Optimization using response surface methodology. Fuel, 90 (7). pp. 2353-2358. ISSN 0016-2361

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Abstract

The cockle shell, which is available in abundance, has no any eminent use and is commonly regarded as a waste, was utilized as a source of calcium oxide in catalyzing a transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel (methyl esters). A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the two major influential reaction variables: catalyst and methanol amount towards purity and yield of methyl esters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the catalyst has a positive influence on purity but negative on the yield. Meanwhile, the methanol/oil mass ratio showed a positive effect on both purity and yield. Using CCD, the optimum reaction conditions were found to be 4.9 wt.% of catalyst and 0.54:1 methanol/oil mass ratio. The prepared catalyst was capable of being reused under the suggested optimal conditions.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	5980/5343
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Science > Department of Biotechnology
Depositing User:	Dr Shafida Abd Hamid
Date Deposited:	20 Oct 2011 16:17
Last Modified:	27 Jun 2013 16:46
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/5343

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