Kuo, Ting-Wei and Chen, Yu-Liang Zhu and Li, Eric S. and Jin, Huayan and Chen, Dongxu and Abdul Malek, Norun Farihah and Chin, Kuo-Sheng (2025) Designs of automotive high-gain TM05-mode patch array antennas. IEEE Access, 13 (NA). pp. 184875-184888. E-ISSN 2169-3536
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Abstract
This work presents the design and implementation of three TM05-mode patch array antennas for automotive radar applications, featuring high gain, low sidelobe level (SLL), and enhanced bandwidth. To improve radiation performance, patches in TM05 mode are employed with surface-etched slots to suppress reverse currents, thereby increasing gain and reducing SLLs. Antenna I is a 79-GHz 2 × 8 TM05-mode patch array antenna fed by a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) network with differential excitation to minimize cross-polarization. An SIW-based excitation design highlighting Taylor distribution is applied to further suppress sidelobes. Measured results show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 77.92−79.15 GHz (1.6%), a peak gain of 18.2 dBi, and a SLL of −19.1 dB in H-plane. The cross-polarization level is reduced to nearly 30 dB lower than the co-polarization level. Antenna II is a 77-GHz staggered series-fed six-element TM05-mode patch array designed for compact integration. An in-phase excitation scheme with an array spacing of 3λg/2 is proposed. This antenna achieves a measured bandwidth of 73.76–78.44 GHz (6.1%) and a high gain of 17.5 dBi with only six elements. Antenna III further introduces parasitic strips alongside each patch from Antenna II to generate additional resonances and to enhance bandwidth. Measured results exhibit a bandwidth of 72.64–80.75 GHz (10.57%) and a peak gain of 17.8 dBi, representing an increase of 4.47% in bandwidth compared to Antenna II. In summary, Antenna I achieves high gain, low SLL, and low cross-polarization with higher complexity, while Antennas II/III simplify design yet deliver high gain and wide bandwidth, offering promising solutions for automotive radars.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T10.5 Communication of technical information |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Dr Norun Abdul Malek |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Aug 2026 15:33 |
| Last Update: | 06 Aug 2026 15:33 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-07-Q4478 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/130465 |
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