Wan Mamat, Wan Hasliza and Wan Mohd Jafri, Wan Nur Izzati and Ahmad, Norfadzilah and Isa, Nor Ismalina and Arini, Merita and Mohamad Abdul Kadir, Fairuz Izzaty
(2026)
Factors associated with dietary practices among patients with diabetes in a Malaysian primary care clinic: a cross-sectional study.
Journal Liaquat Uni Med Health Science, Special issue (Special issue).
pp. 28-34.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dietary practices and their associated factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a primary care clinic in Malaysia.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2024 to January 2025, involving 332 purposively sampled T2DM patients. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included sociodemographic information and a modified Nutrition Health Promoting Behavior instrument. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary practice.
RESULTS: 61.7% of the participants demonstrated good dietary practices, while 38.3% exhibited poor practices. Regression analysis showed that gender and ethnicity were significantly associated with
dietary practices. Female patients were more likely to follow good nutritional practices (AOR = 2.60, p <0.001), whereas Chinese participants were less likely to adhere compared with Malay patients (AOR =0.15, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between Malay and Indian patients.
CONCLUSION: Gender and ethnicity were associated with dietary practices among patients with T2DM in this primary care setting. Female patients demonstrated better adherence, whereas Chinese
participants were less likely to follow recommended practices than Malay patients. These findings suggest that culturally tailored interventions may help improve dietary practices, particularly for
Chinese patients, although the results are limited to this setting and should be interpreted with caution.
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