Cardiac tamponade - distinguishing traumatic and non-traumatic causes - the role of forensic pathology

Hasim, Husna Syaza and Mohd Mussadik, Umul Khairil Fatimah and Zaki, Hafizatul Solehah and Chng, Kay Ly (2025) Cardiac tamponade - distinguishing traumatic and non-traumatic causes - the role of forensic pathology. Malaysian Journal of Pathology, 47 (2). p. 338. ISSN 0126-8635

PDF (Abstract) - Published Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (598kB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac tamponade is a critical medical condition caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, which leads to increased intrapericardial pressure. This pressure impairs cardiac contractility and reduces cardiac output, making timely diagnosis and rapid intervention crucial for survival. Without prompt treatment, cardiac tamponade often results in sudden death. Cardiac tamponade can arise from either traumatic or non-traumatic causes. Traumatic sources include blunt trauma to the chest, complications from cardiac procedures, and even cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Non-traumatic causes often involve conditions such as post-myocardial infarction, thoracic aortic dissection, and pericarditis. A thorough post-mortem examination is crucial in coming into a precise conclusion, distinguishing between a traumatic and a non-traumatic cause. Case Report: A 62-year-old Malay gentleman was found by his wife, collapsed in his room. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started by his wife at home and was continued with Lund University Cardiopulmonary Assist System (LUCAS) in the red zone, emergency department. However, he succumbed to death and a post-mortem examination was done. Central chest abrasions and intercostal muscles contusions were consistent with resuscitation marks. Internal examination of the thorax revealed massive hemopericardium with left ventricular wall rupture. Conclusion: In forensic pathology, diagnosing cardiac tamponade during autopsy is typically straightforward. However, distinguishing between traumatic and non-traumatic origins presents a greater challenge. Accurate and precise determination relies on meticulous external and internal examinations, along with histological analysis, to identify the underlying cause and address any potential misconceptions or irrelevant allegations.

Item Type:	Article (Abstract)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cardic tamponade, traumatic and non-traumatic, forensic pathology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ventricular wall rupture
Subjects:	R Medicine > RB Pathology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC)
Depositing User:	HUSNA SYAZA HASIM
Date Deposited:	31 Dec 2025 17:02
Last Modified:	31 Dec 2025 17:02
Queue Number:	2025-12-Q1522
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/126679

Actions (login required)

View Item