Advancement in electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells

Rabuni, Mohamad Fairus and Adnan, Faidzul Hakim and Mohd-Noor, Faizani and Bahrudin, Fadzli Irwan and Kamarudin, Diyana (2025) Advancement in electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42 (14). pp. 1475-1489. ISSN 0256-1115 E-ISSN 1975-7220

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Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolytes has advanced from conventional oxide-ion conductors such as YSZ to sophisticated proton-conducting and co-ionic systems. This review synthesises progress across oxide-, proton- and dual-ion-conducting families within a harmonised 500–800 °C window, using mainly a single cell-level reporting schema. By centring the comparison at the cell level, we assemble state-of-the-art demonstrations and map them onto a durability framework that makes performance limits and degradation risks explicit. Tables 7 and 8 convert materials insights into stack-relevant guidance, enabling like-for-like benchmarking that is reproducible and decision-oriented. Three messages emerge where oxide-ion systems are the most mature and stack-ready, yet ≤ 650 °C operation is constrained by residual ohmic losses and cathode surface-exchange kinetics, even with sub-micrometre membranes. Protonic cells deliver high conductivity and competitive power at 500–650 °C but require chemical robustness against CO2/H2O to stabilise Ba-containing perovskites. Dual-ion electrolytes spanning engineered semiconductor-ionic heterostructures and composite co-ionic designs achieve attractive outputs near 500–550 °C, although long-term stability is constrained by secondary-phase volatility, coarsening and interfacial drift. Architecture and processing are decisive levers: dense ultrathin electrolytes with targeted interlayers, bilayer/multilayer stacks, space-charge/strain-engineered heterostructures and thin-film routes complement scalable tape-casting, screen printing, extrusion and micro-tubular formats. We prioritise chemically robust protonics; stabilised co-ionic systems with engineered interfaces; cathode-electrolyte pairings qualified under realistic fuels and humidities; and standardised reporting that ties electrochemical diagnostics and post-mortem analysis to fade metrics. This framework provides decision-oriented evidence to guide device design, operating policy and scale-up from record single cells to stacks.

Item Type:	Article (Review)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Electrolyte materials · Oxide-conducting, proton-conducting and dual ion-conducting
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General)
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design
Depositing User:	Asst. Dr Fadzli Irwan Bahrudin
Date Deposited:	15 Dec 2025 12:53
Last Modified:	15 Dec 2025 12:53
Queue Number:	2025-12-Q857
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/125719

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