Synergistic effects of double oxidation on the extraction and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose from rattan waste and kenaf fiber

Samat, Noorasikin and Mohamad Roshidi, Muhamad Aliff Redhwan and Don Ramlan Onn, Dona Nur Afiqah and Mat Harttar @ Mohd Hatta, Maziati Akmal and Sabaruddin, Fatimah A’thiyah (2025) Synergistic effects of double oxidation on the extraction and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose from rattan waste and kenaf fiber. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10 (2). pp. 411-419. ISSN 2580-4405 E-ISSN :2580-4391

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Abstract

This study investigates the potential of rattan fiber, a by-product of the furniture industry, as a feedstock for nanocellulose production. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were extracted using a double oxidation process that combined bleaching with ammonium persulfate (APS) treatment. The effects of APS reaction time, pre-treatment with and without bleaching, on the crystallinity and morphology of CNC were evaluated. Additionally, the feasibility of applying this extraction method to agro-industrial kenaf fiber was assessed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic confirmed the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, while the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a gradual increase in the crystallinity index (Crl) of CNCs extracted from rattan and kenaf, achieving 73.40% and 72.40, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed fiber disintegration and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the spherical CNCs of rattan and kenaf having a diameter of 61.51 ± 6.46 nm and 31.76 ± 6.34 nm, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) further indicated smaller CNC sizes in kenaf compared to rattan. These findings suggest that rattan fiber is a promising renewable feedstock for producing nanocellulose, with potential application in various industries.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Nanocellulose, AFM, Oxidation, FTIR, Rattan, Kenaf
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.13 Biotechnology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Science
Depositing User:	Dr Noorasikin Samat
Date Deposited:	11 Apr 2025 09:06
Last Modified:	11 Apr 2025 09:06
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/120528

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