Experimental models of stroke: seeing the unseen

Yassaad, Hamza and Kahoul, Manar and Ali, Mohamed Mahmoud Rabie and Balouta, Lobna and Mohamed, Wael Mohamed Yousef (2024) Experimental models of stroke: seeing the unseen. In: Nutrition and Stroke: Current State and Future Perspectives. Nutritional Neurosciences . Springer, Singapore, pp. 61-89. ISBN 978-981-97-6817-2

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Abstract

Stroke is a major global health problem which is often manifested by mixed clinical picture. This summary shows a remarkable implication of experimental models in studying stroke injury seen in human patients in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, Experimental models provide researchers with a controlled environment where the detrimental processes can be delineated and provided with potential approaches to be tested, in this way, early science will be close to clinical research and there will be a reduction in the costs of drug development. The rodent models, for instance, rats and mice, are the most widely used animals due to their high availability, prospective genetics and experimental methods for promoting stroke such as MCAO. On the flip-side, these species’ restricted brain complexity only allows for the use of large animals like non-human primates, which provide stronger anatomical resemblance to humans although there is ethical skepticism and more expensive maintenance. Varied techniques are used in the models to produce different engine types of the stroke. In focal ischemia models, most commonly the MCAO, only specific brain regions that are responsible for its pathology are affected, whereas global ischemia models which mimics complete stroke employs multiple pathways such as 4 VO. Moreover, experiments simulating hemorrhagic stroke, a different but important type of stroke, where the bleeding in the brain is restricted, also contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke of this category imaging techniques particularly MRI and CT scans, play a crucial role in experimental stroke research, this chapter highlights their significance in advancing our understanding of stroke mechanisms and improving clinical management. In addition, in this chapter, we discuss the critical issue of translating findings from animal models of stroke to human conditions. Like any experimental research, such translation encounters significant challenges due to interspecies differences, model complexity, and clinical relevance, highlighting the discrepancies between preclinical and clinical outcomes and proposing strategies to bridge this gap considering future directions that can enhance the clinical relevance of preclinical findings.

Item Type:	Book Chapter
Additional Information:	7497/117915
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Stroke, Ischemic stroke, Animal modelsh, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO), Cerebrovascular disease, Cerebral hemorrhage
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Basic Medical Kulliyyah of Medicine
Depositing User:	Dr Wael Mohamed
Date Deposited:	14 Jan 2025 14:40
Last Modified:	14 Jan 2025 16:40
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/117915

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