Neurotoxicity of aluminium chloride and okadaic acid in zebrafish: unravelling Alzheimer's disease model via learning and memory function evaluation

Raduan, Siti Zaleha and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Ahmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi and Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni and Haris @ Harith, Muhammad Salahuddin and Shaikh, M.F. and W. Sulaiman, W.A. and Mahmood, M.H. (2024) Neurotoxicity of aluminium chloride and okadaic acid in zebrafish: unravelling Alzheimer's disease model via learning and memory function evaluation. NEUROLOGY PERSPECTIVES, 5 (1). pp. 1-10. ISSN 2667-0496

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Abstract

Introduction/objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive abilities, especially learning and memory. To validate the zebrafish as a suitable model organism for AD, the study examined the effects of 2 neurotoxin agents, aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and okadaic acid (OKA). In the full experimental design, both neurotoxins were administered intraperitoneally at 3 distinct doses (low, medium, and high) twice weekly for 21 days. At 3 time-points, behavioural tasks were conducted on day 7 (short duration), day 14 (moderate duration), and day 21 (long duration). The behavioural tasks consisted of a novel tank test lasting 6 min, followed by a T-maze tank test lasting 5 min. Methods: In this article, the T-maze tank test was discussed in detail to evaluate which neurotoxins and their optimal dosages are impactful in developing a zebrafish AD model towards learning and memory functions. This evaluation measured four parameters: the amount of time spent in the wrong arm, the total distance travelled in the deeper chamber, and the 3-h and 24-h inflexion ratios. Results: In summary, a 100 nM dosage of OKA with a maximum of 21 days of evaluation resulted in significant (P< .05) outcomes in all parameters evaluated. The longest duration was spent in the wrong arm, accompanied by a reduction in the total distance travelled in the deeper chamber and a decreasing pattern in the 3-h and 24-h inflexion ratios. Conclusion: These observations suggest that OKA is the optimal choice of neurotoxin for a validated and optimised zebrafish AD model.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aluminium chloride; Okadaic acid; T-maze; Learning and memory; Alzheimer
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology > RM147 Administration of Drugs and Other Therapeutic Agents R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Basic Medical Sciences Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Depositing User:	Dr Qamar Uddin Ahmed
Date Deposited:	15 Nov 2024 09:33
Last Modified:	15 Nov 2024 09:33
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/115838

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