The utility of salivary CRP and IL-6 as a non-invasive measurement evaluated in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes

Bachtiar, Endang and Bachtiar, Boy M and Kusumaningrum, Ardiana and Sunarto, Hari and Soeroso, Yuniarti and Sulijaya, Benso and Apriyanti, Efa and Theodorea, Citra Fragrantia and Pratomo, Irandi Putra and Yudhistira, Yudhistira and Efendi, Defi and Lestari, Widya (2024) The utility of salivary CRP and IL-6 as a non-invasive measurement evaluated in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes. F1000Research, 12 (419). pp. 1-21. ISSN 2046-1402

Preview	PDF (Journal) - Published Version Download (1MB) | Preview
Preview	PDF (Scopus) - Supplemental Material Download (213kB) | Preview

Abstract

Background The available evidence suggests that inflammatory responses, in both systemic and oral tissue, contribute to the pathology of COVID-19 disease. Hence, studies of inflammation biomarkers in oral fluids, such as saliva, might be useful to better specify COVID-19 features. Methods In the current study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to measure salivary levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva obtained from patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19, in a diabetic group (DG; n = 10) and a non-diabetic group (NDG; n = 13). All participants were diagnosed with periodontitis, while six participants with periodontitis but not diagnosed with COVID-19 were included as controls. Results We found increases in salivary total protein levels in both the DG and NDG compared to control patients. In both groups, salivary CRP and IL-6 levels were comparable. Additionally, the levels of salivary CRP were significantly correlated with total proteins, in which a strong and moderate positive correlation was found between DG and NDG, respectively. A linear positive correlation was also noted in the relationship between salivary IL-6 level and total proteins, but the correlation was not significant. Interestingly, the association between salivary CRP and IL-6 levels was positive. However, a moderately significant correlation was only found in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, through which the association was validated by a receiver operating curve. Conclusions These finding suggest that salivary CRP and IL-6 are particularly relevant as potential non-invasive biomarker for predicting diabetes risk in mild cases of COVID-19 accompanied with periodontitis.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	This is a collaborative paper with Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Diabetes, COVID-19, periodontitis, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6
Subjects:	R Medicine > RK Dentistry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Dentistry Kulliyyah of Dentistry > Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences
Depositing User:	Dr Widya Lestari
Date Deposited:	04 Mar 2024 10:48
Last Modified:	04 Mar 2024 10:49
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/111038

Actions (login required)

View Item