In vitro anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and toxicological study of optimized psychotria malayana jack leaves extract

Syed Mohamad, Sharifah Nurul Akilah and Khatib, Alfi and Mat So'ad, Siti Zaiton and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Ibrahim, Zalikha and Nipun, Tanzina Sharmin and Humaryanto, Humaryato and Al-Ajmi, Mohamed F. Alajmi and Khalifa, Shaden A. M. and El-Seedi, Hesham (2023) In vitro anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and toxicological study of optimized psychotria malayana jack leaves extract. Pharmaceuticals, 16 (12). pp. 1-23. ISSN 1424-8247

	PDF (Article) - Published Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (2MB) | Request a copy
	PDF - Published Version Restricted to Registered users only Download (258kB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Psychotria malayana Jack (Family: Rubiaceae, local name: Salung) is a traditional herb used to treat diabetes. A previous study by our research group demonstrated that P. malayana methanolic and water extract exhibits significant potential as an effective agent for managing diabetes. Further research has been performed on the extraction optimization of this plant to enhance its inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, a key enzyme associated with diabetes, and to reduce its toxicity. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the optimized P. malayana leaf extract (OE), to evaluate its toxicity using a zebrafish embryo/larvae model, and to analyze its metabolites. The anti-diabetic effects were assessed by investigating α-glucosidase inhibition (AGI), while the inflammation inhibitory activity was performed using the soybean lipoxygenase inhibitory (SLOXI) test. The assessment of antioxidant activity was performed utilizing FRAP and DPPH assays. The toxicology study was conducted using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (Danio rerio) model. The metabolites present in the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. OE demonstrated significant AGI and SLOXI activities, represented as 2.02 and 4.92 µg/mL for IC50 values, respectively. It exhibited potent antioxidant activities as determined by IC50 values of 13.08 µg/mL (using the DPPH assay) and 95.44 mmol TE/mg DW (using the FRAP assay), and also demonstrated an LC50 value of 224.29 µg/mL, which surpasses its therapeutic index of 111.03. OE exhibited a higher therapeutic index compared to that of the methanol extract (13.84) stated in the previous state of the art. This suggests that OE exhibits a lower level of toxicity, making it safer for use, and has the potential to be highly effective in its anti�diabetic activity. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of several constituents in this extract. Among them,several compounds, such as propanoic acid, succinic acid, D-tagatose, myo-inositol, isorhamnetin, moracin M-30-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, procyanidin B3, and leucopelargonidin, have been reported as possessing anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. This finding offers great potential for future research in diabetes treatment.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Psychotria malayana Jack; anti-diabetic; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; toxicity; GC-MS; LC-MS
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica > RS403 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Depositing User:	Dr. Alfi Khatib
Date Deposited:	07 Dec 2023 14:51
Last Modified:	07 Jan 2024 14:21
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/108664

Actions (login required)

View Item