Risk factors, clinical consequences, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity

Mohamed, Mossad Abdelhak Shaban and AbouKhatwa, Merna Mahmoud and Saifullah, Abdul Aziz and Syahmi, Muhammad Hareez and Mosaad, Mohamed and Elrggal, Mahmoud E. and Dehele, Inderpal Singh and Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan (2022) Risk factors, clinical consequences, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity. Children, 9 (12). pp. 1-16. E-ISSN 2227-9067

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Abstract

Obesity might adversely affect the health and well-being of children and their families. Childhood obesity has crucial implications for health, both during childhood and as they age. It is highly associated with many acute problems and is commonly present during childhood, making visits and hospital admissions polarized in this group of children. The problems that may affect these children can be medical, such as asthma, chronic inflammation, orthopedic abnormalities, liver disease, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Long-term consequences of cardiovascular risk factors, the persistence of obesity and premature mortality are common among adults who had obesity during their early lives. Additionally, they could also suffer from psychological issues, such as low self-esteem, which puts them at risk of a much more serious psychosocial problem that may lead to depression, as well as a disruption in educational achievements and social relationships. A healthy diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, and limited screen time are all preventive measures that should be implemented at the family and community levels, preferably through well-structured programs. Furthermore, pharmacological management of childhood obesity is limited and only used after non-pharmacological interventions have failed or in the late stages of obesity. However, recent guidelines advocate the early use of medical interventions. Approved pharmacotherapeutic options include orlistat, phentermine/topiramate combination and liraglutide. There are several other options approved primarily for other specific forms of obesity or for other indications, including setmelanotide, metformin, lisdexamfetamine, zonisamide and fluoxetine. Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective option in cases with extreme obesity and comorbidities considering the need for longterm monitoring and support for cases and their families post-surgery. This review aims to discuss and highlight the recent evidence regarding risk factors, clinical consequences, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity.

Item Type:	Article (Review)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	risk factors; prevention; treatment; childhood; obesity
Subjects:	R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Heatlh. Child health services. Preventive health services for children
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Paediatrics Kulliyyah of Medicine
Depositing User:	Assoc.prof mossad shaban
Date Deposited:	20 Dec 2022 12:56
Last Modified:	20 Dec 2022 12:56
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/102051

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